记忆方法
1、start 一开始不是「开始」，是「跳一下」：古英语 styrtan 指猛地一动、受惊弹起；「出发、起步」从这里来，后来才当作 begin 用。
2、startle(吓了一跳)是它的反复式兄弟；它挂在 PIE *ster「僵硬、挺住」，sterile、stern 同根，古英语 steort(尾巴、屁股)也是「挺直的一根」这个意思。
3、所以 start 的劲头在突然：The car started 车猛地发动起来。
2、startle(吓了一跳)是它的反复式兄弟；它挂在 PIE *ster「僵硬、挺住」，sterile、stern 同根，古英语 steort(尾巴、屁股)也是「挺直的一根」这个意思。
3、所以 start 的劲头在突然：The car started 车猛地发动起来。
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词族 · start
中文词源
start 尾巴，屁股
来自中古英语 start,来自古英语 steort,屁股，尾巴，来自 Proto-Germanic*stertaz 硬的，直的， 来自 PIE*ster,僵的，硬的，固定的，词源同 startle,sterile.
start 开始，启动来 自 中 古 英 语 sterten, 突 然 跳 起 ， 冲 出 ， 来 自 古 英 语 styrtan, 跳 动 ， 跳 起 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*stirtana,跳动，跳起，跌倒，摔倒，来自 PIE*ster,僵的，硬的，固定的，词源 同 startle,sterile.引申词义开始，启动等。
英语词源
- start
-
start: [OE] Start originally meant ‘jump, leap, caper’ (‘Him lust not [he did not like] to play nor start, nor to dance, nor to sing’, Chaucer, Romance of the Rose 1366). This gradually evolved via ‘make a sudden movement’ to ‘begin a journey’, but it did not emerge as a fully-fledged synonym for ‘begin’ until the end of the 18th century. Startle [OE], which came from the same Germanic base *start-, has kept more closely to the notion of ‘sudden movement’.
=> startle - start (v.)
- Old English *steortian, *stiertan, Kentish variants of styrtan "to leap up" (related to starian "to stare"), from Proto-Germanic *stert- (cognates: Old Frisian stirta "to fall, tumble," Middle Dutch sterten, Dutch storten "to rush, fall," Old High German sturzen, German stürzen "to hurl, throw, plunge"), of uncertain origin. According to Watkins, the notion is "move briskly, move swiftly," and it is from PIE root *ster- (1) "stiff."
From "move or spring suddenly," sense evolved by late 14c. to "awaken suddenly, flinch or recoil in alarm," and by 1660s to "cause to begin acting or operating." Meaning "begin to move, leave, depart" (without implication of suddenness) is from 1821. The connection probably is from sporting senses ("to force an animal from its lair," late 14c.). Transitive sense of "set in motion or action" is from 1670s; specifically as "to set (machinery) in action" from 1841.
Related: Started; starting. To start something "cause trouble" is 1915, American English colloquial. To start over "begin again" is from 1912. Starting-line in running is from 1855; starting-block in running first recorded 1937. - start (n.)
- late 14c., "an involuntary movement of the body, a sudden jump," from start (v.). Meaning "act of beginning to move or act" is from 1560s. Meaning "act of beginning to build a house" is from 1946. That of "opportunity at the beginning of a career or course of action" is from 1849. Paired with finish (n.) at least from 1839. False start first attested 1850.
权威例句
- 1. There has been a busy start to polling in today's local elections.
- 今天地方选举的投票一开始就人头攒动。
- 2. Try these toning exercises before you start the day.
- 在开始一天的活动之前，试着做做这些强身健体的体操。
- 3. I saw through your little ruse from the start.
- 从一开始我就看穿了你的小计谋。
- 4. It's just not enough money to start life over.
- 这些钱根本不够用来开始全新的生活。
- 5. The horse made a winning start for his new trainer.
- 这匹马为它的新驯马师开了个好头。
词语辨析
【inaugurate, commence, start, initiate, begin】
这组词都有“开始”的意思，其区别是：
inaugurate: 指正式而隆重的开始。
commence: 可与begin换用，但commence系书面正式用词，语气庄重，特指有正式程序或一定仪式，或某种正式行动的“开始”。
start: 在许多场合可与begin通用，但start侧重动作的起点。
initiate: 指创始或发起，侧重某过程的第一步，不考虑结束，强调起始。
begin: 最常用词，含义广泛，其反义词是end，多用于行动、工作等的开始。
【leave, start, depart, quit, set out, go】
这组词都有“离开某处”的意思，其区别是：
leave: 侧重出发地而不是目的地。
start: 可与leave换用，强调目的地，但不及leave普通。
depart: 较正式用词，指经过周密考虑或郑重地离开，强调离开的起点。
quit: 侧重指离开令人烦恼的地方，或摆脱使人不快的人或事。
set out: 书面用词。
go: 一般用词，指从所在地到其它地方去，着重目的地而非出发地。
这组词都有“开始”的意思，其区别是：
inaugurate: 指正式而隆重的开始。
commence: 可与begin换用，但commence系书面正式用词，语气庄重，特指有正式程序或一定仪式，或某种正式行动的“开始”。
start: 在许多场合可与begin通用，但start侧重动作的起点。
initiate: 指创始或发起，侧重某过程的第一步，不考虑结束，强调起始。
begin: 最常用词，含义广泛，其反义词是end，多用于行动、工作等的开始。
【leave, start, depart, quit, set out, go】
这组词都有“离开某处”的意思，其区别是：
leave: 侧重出发地而不是目的地。
start: 可与leave换用，强调目的地，但不及leave普通。
depart: 较正式用词，指经过周密考虑或郑重地离开，强调离开的起点。
quit: 侧重指离开令人烦恼的地方，或摆脱使人不快的人或事。
set out: 书面用词。
go: 一般用词，指从所在地到其它地方去，着重目的地而非出发地。