记忆方法
1. hair => harsh, literally "hairy".
2. hair => har- + -sh => harsh.
3. 根据词源可以看成是 hairish 简化、缩略而来。字母i都被略掉。
4. 所以，该词的字面含义是“多毛的”，由此引申为“粗糙的、毛糙的”，后来又进一步引申为“声音非常的粗糙”，即声音“刺耳的、难听的”，后来又引伸出“环境非常的粗糙”，即“严酷的、严峻的、艰苦的”。
2. hair => har- + -sh => harsh.
3. 根据词源可以看成是 hairish 简化、缩略而来。字母i都被略掉。
4. 所以，该词的字面含义是“多毛的”，由此引申为“粗糙的、毛糙的”，后来又进一步引申为“声音非常的粗糙”，即声音“刺耳的、难听的”，后来又引伸出“环境非常的粗糙”，即“严酷的、严峻的、艰苦的”。
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词族 · harsh
词形变化
中文词源
harsh 残酷的，严厉的
可能来自PIE*kars,刮，拔，梳理羊毛，词源同card,carduus(拉丁语，蓟),chard(多刺叶甜菜).原用于形容织物多毛的，粗糙的，引申词义残酷的，严厉的。
英语词源
- harsh
-
harsh: [16] Harsh originally meant ‘hairy’. Its ancestor, Middle Low German harsch, was a derivative of the noun haer ‘hair’, and its exact English equivalent would have been hairish. By the time English acquired it, it had broadened out in meaning to ‘rough’, both literally and figuratively.
- harsh (adj.)
- originally of texture, "hairy," 1530s, probably from Middle English harske "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin (compare Danish and Norwegian harsk "rancid, rank"), related to Middle Low German harsch "rough, raw," German harst "a rake;" perhaps from PIE root *kars- "to scrape, scratch, rub, card" (cognates: Lithuanian karsiu "to comb," Old Church Slavonic krasta, Russian korosta "to itch," Latin carduus "thistle," Sanskrit kasati "rubs, scratches"). Meaning "offensive to feelings" is from 1570s; that of "disagreeable, rude" from 1610s.
- harsh (v.)
- 1580s, "sound harshly," from harsh (adj.). Meaning "make harsh, subject to harshness" is by 1991. Related: Harshed; harshing. Harshen is attested from 1821.
权威例句
- 1. His voice was harsh as he enunciated each word carefully.
- 他一字一顿，听上去很生硬。
- 2. The light's a bit too harsh. You can turn it off.
- 灯光有点太刺眼了。你可以把灯关掉。
- 3. I hope you won'tbe too harsh with the girl.
- 希望你不要对那个女孩太严厉。
- 4. The fabric is strong enough to withstand harsh processing.
- 这种织物非常结实，能经受粗加工。
- 5. Issa's white beach hat gleamed in the harsh lights.
- 伊萨的白色沙滩帽在刺眼的阳光下闪闪发亮。
词语辨析
【hoarse, rough, harsh】
这组词都有“嘶哑的，沙哑的”的意思，其区别是：
hoarse: 指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。
rough: 指粗哑难听的声音。
harsh: 一般多指刺耳难听的声音。
【rude, crude, harsh, rough, coarse】
这组词都有“粗糙的”的意思，其区别是：
rude: 指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
crude: 主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。
harsh: 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。
rough: 普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。
coarse: 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。
这组词都有“嘶哑的，沙哑的”的意思，其区别是：
hoarse: 指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。
rough: 指粗哑难听的声音。
harsh: 一般多指刺耳难听的声音。
【rude, crude, harsh, rough, coarse】
这组词都有“粗糙的”的意思，其区别是：
rude: 指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
crude: 主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。
harsh: 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。
rough: 普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。
coarse: 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。