wreck

wreck 沉船，损坏

来自PIE*wreg,推，驱动，践踏，来自PIE*wer的扩大形式，弯，转，扭曲，词源同urgent,wreak。引申义扭曲的物体，主要用于指船的残骸，失事的船只等。

wreck

wreck: [13] Wreck goes back ultimately to the Indo-European base *wreg-, a variant of which may be responsible for English urge. Its Germanic descendant *wrek- formed the basis of a verb *wrekan ‘drive’. The native English descendant of this is wreak [OE], which originally meant ‘drive out’, and developed its modern meaning via ‘give vent to anger or other violent emotions’. Wreck itself was acquired via Old Norse *wrek and Anglo-Norman wrec, and etymologically it denotes a ship that has been ‘driven’ on to the shore.

A variant of the same base, *wrak-, lies behind English wretch [OE] (etymologically someone ‘driven’ out, an ‘exile’) and also possibly French garçon ‘boy’.
=> urge, wreak, wretch

wreck (n.)

early 13c., "goods cast ashore after a shipwreck, flotsam," from Anglo-French wrec, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse *wrek "wreck, flotsam" (cognates: Norwegian, Icelandic rek), related to reka "to drive, push," from Proto-Germanic *wrekan (see wreak (v.)). The meaning "a shipwreck" is first recorded mid-15c.; that of "a wrecked ship" is by c. 1500. General sense of "remains of anything that has been ruined" is recorded from 1713; applied by 1795 to dissipated persons. Compare wrack (v.).

wreck (v.)

"to destroy, ruin," c. 1500, from wreck (n.). Earlier (12c.) it meant "drive out or away, remove;" also "take vengeance." Intransitive sense from 1670s. Related: Wrecked; wrecking.

1. The Navy is to carry out an examination of the wreck tomorrow.

海军明天将对失事船只进行细查。

2. What would he tell his parents if he had a wreck?

如果他出了事故，他怎么向他的父母交代？

3. The pilot struggled out of the wreck almost uninjured.

飞行员艰难地从失事的飞机中爬出来，几乎没有受伤。

4. The precise location of the wreck was discovered in 1988.

残骸的确切位置是在1988年发现的。

5. This sighting occurred during my dive to a sunken wreck off Sardinia.

这是我在撒丁岛附近的沉船残骸处潜水时所见的景象。

【destroy, break, wreck, ruin, spoil, damage】
这组词都有“破坏，损坏”的意思，其区别是：
destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
break: 普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。
wreck: 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。
ruin: 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
spoil: 强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
damage: 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。