wind

来自PIE*we,吹，词源同ventilate,wing.

来自PIE*wendh,弯，转，缠绕，来自PIE*wei的扩大形式，词源同vine,vetch.

wind

wind: English has three distinct words wind. The noun, ‘moving air’ [OE], came from a prehistoric Germanic *windaz, which also produced German and Dutch wind and Swedish and Danish vind. This in turn went back to Indo- European *went-, whose other descendants include Latin ventus (source of English vent, ventilate, etc) and Welsh gwynt.

And *wentitself was derived from the base *we- ‘blow’, source also of Greek aétēs ‘wind’ and áēr ‘air’ (from which English gets air), Sanskrit vátas ‘wind’, and Russian vejat’ ‘blow’. The now archaic verb wind ‘blow a horn’ [16], for all that it rhymes with wind ‘wrap round’, was derived from the noun wind. Wind ‘wrap round’ [OE] originally meant ‘go in a particular direction’; ‘wrap’ did not emerge until the 14th century, via an intermediate ‘go in a circle’.

It came from a prehistoric Germanic *windon (source also of German and Dutch winden, Swedish vinda, and Danish vinde), which was formed from a variant of the base which produced English wand, wander, and wend.
=> air, vent, ventilate, weather, winnow; wand, wander, went

wind (n.1)

"air in motion," Old English wind "wind," from Proto-Germanic *windaz (cognates: Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Middle Dutch, Dutch wind, Old Norse vindr, Old High German wind, German Wind, Gothic winds), from PIE *we-nt-o- "blowing," from root *we- "to blow" (cognates: Sanskrit va-, Greek aemi-, Gothic waian, Old English wawan, Old High German wajan, German wehen, Old Church Slavonic vejati "to blow;" Sanskrit vatah, Avestan vata-, Hittite huwantis, Latin ventus, Old Church Slavonic vetru, Lithuanian vejas "wind;" Lithuanian vetra "tempest, storm;" Old Irish feth "air;" Welsh gwynt, Breton gwent "wind").

Normal pronunciation evolution made this word rhyme with kind and rind (Donne rhymes it with mind), but it shifted to a short vowel 18c., probably from influence of windy, where the short vowel is natural. A sad loss for poets, who now must rhyme it only with sinned and a handful of weak words. Symbolic of emptiness and vanity since late 13c.

I have forgot much, Cynara! gone with the wind. [Ernest Dowson, 1896]

Meaning "breath" is attested from late Old English; especially "breath in speaking" (early 14c.), so long-winded, also "easy or regular breathing" (early 14c.), hence second wind in the figurative sense (by 1830), an image from the sport of hunting.

Winds "wind instruments of an orchestra" is from 1876. Figurative phrase which way the wind blows for "the current state of affairs" is suggested from c. 1400. To get wind of "receive information about" is by 1809, perhaps inspired by French avoir le vent de. To take the wind out of (one's) sails in the figurative sense (by 1883) is an image from sailing, where a ship without wind can make no progress. Wind-chill index is recorded from 1939. Wind energy from 1976. Wind vane from 1725.

wind (v.1)

"move by turning and twisting," Old English windan