记忆方法
1、waste 的核心是"空"：vast（广阔的）最早就是"空旷荒凉"，devastate（毁灭）是"把它变空"，vain（徒劳的）是"空的结果"，waste 则是"荒地→废物→浪费"——记住"空"，名词、形容词、动词一次串通。
2、"垃圾"一家各挑一个：waste 普通，任何被丢弃的东西；rubbish 成堆破损无用的东西；litter 四下乱丢、散落地上的；garbage 剩菜剩饭这类有机废料；debris 破坏后剩下的碎片；junk 破烂的旧机器、没用物。
3、谚语 Waste not, want not（不浪费就不短缺）；动词还指身体"渐渐消瘦"；形容词义"废弃的、多余的"，如 waste paper 废纸。
2、"垃圾"一家各挑一个：waste 普通，任何被丢弃的东西；rubbish 成堆破损无用的东西；litter 四下乱丢、散落地上的；garbage 剩菜剩饭这类有机废料；debris 破坏后剩下的碎片；junk 破烂的旧机器、没用物。
3、谚语 Waste not, want not（不浪费就不短缺）；动词还指身体"渐渐消瘦"；形容词义"废弃的、多余的"，如 waste paper 废纸。
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词族 · waste
中文词源
waste 浪费，废物
来自拉丁语vastus,空的，荒废的，词源同vain,vast。引申词义浪费。
英语词源
- waste
-
waste: [12] The etymological notions underlying waste are ‘emptiness’ and ‘desolation’. Its main modern sense, ‘squander’, is a comparatively recent development, first recorded in English in the 14th century. Its ultimate source is Latin vāstus ‘empty’, which has also given English devastate and vast. From this was formed the verb vāstāre ‘devastate, lay waste’, which passed into English via Old Northern French waster. The derivative wastrel dates from the 16th century.
=> devastate, vast - waste (v.)
- c. 1200, "devastate, ravage, ruin," from Anglo-French and Old North French waster "to waste, squander, spoil, ruin" (Old French gaster; Modern French gâter), altered (by influence of Frankish *wostjan) from Latin vastare "lay waste," from vastus "empty, desolate, waste" (see vain). Related: wasted; wasting.
The Germanic word also existed in Old English as westan "to lay waste, ravage." Spanish gastar, Italian guastare also are from Germanic. Meaning "to lose strength or health; pine; weaken" is attested from c. 1300; the sense of "squander, spend or consume uselessly" is first recorded mid-14c.; meaning "to kill" is from 1964. Waste not, want not attested from 1778. - waste (n.)
- c. 1200, "desolate regions," from Anglo-French and Old North French wast "waste, damage, destruction; wasteland, moor" (Old French gast), from Latin vastum, neuter of vastus "waste" (see waste (v.)).
Replaced or merged with Old English westen, woesten "a desert, wilderness," from the Latin word. Meanings "consumption, depletion," also "useless expenditure" are from c. 1300; sense of "refuse matter" is attested from c. 1400. Waste basket first recorded 1850. - waste (adj.)
- c. 1300, of land, "desolate, uncultivated," from Anglo-French and Old North French waste (Old French gaste), from Latin vastus (see waste (v.)). From c. 1400 as "superfluous, excess;" 1670s as "unfit for use." Waste-paper attested from 1580s.
权威例句
- 1. At the entry for " kill " , my thesaurus lists " murder " , " assassinate " and " waste " .
- 我的同义词词典在kill条目中列出murder, assassinate, waste 词条.
- 2. Solid low-level waste will be disposed of deep underground.
- 放射性水平低的固体废料将做地下深埋处理。
- 3. They make compost out of all kinds of waste.
- 他们用各种废料制造堆肥。
- 4. Overcrowding has taxed the city's ability to deal with waste.
- 人口过多使得城市的垃圾处理能力达到了极限。
- 5. The ability to separate out reusable elements from other waste is crucial.
- 能从其他废料中分离出可重复利用成分是很关键的。
词语辨析
【waste, debris, rubbish, litter, garbage, junk】
这组词都有“废物，垃圾”的意思，其区别是：
waste: 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
debris: 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
garbage: 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
junk: 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。
这组词都有“废物，垃圾”的意思，其区别是：
waste: 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
debris: 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
garbage: 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
junk: 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。