wake

1、wake 出自印欧 weg（活跃、有生气）：vigour（活力）就是这根的原义遗存，vegetable（蔬菜）当年指"欣欣向荣"，watch（看守）与 vigil（守夜）同出一家——wake 与 watch 本是同一个古词分成的两路。
2、醒来＝恢复清醒：wake me at six 六点叫醒我；名词"尾迹"是船行过后留的水痕，in the wake of 紧跟在…之后。
3、守夜、守灵义保留老用法"整夜醒着"。辨一串：waken/awake 偏"醒着"状态，arouse 多引申"激起"，wake up 最口语常用。拼写 w-ake，/weɪk/。

wake 醒来，（船只航行时的）尾流

来自PIE*weg,强健的，有活力的，词源同vigor,vegetable,watch。引申词义睡醒，醒来。尾流义词源不详。

wake

wake: English has two distinct words wake. The older, ‘not sleep’ [OE], goes back ultimately to the prolific Indo-European base *wog-, *weg- ‘be active or lively’. This proliferated semantically in many directions, including ‘growth’ (in which it gave English vegetable) and ‘staying awake’, which developed into ‘watching’ and from there into ‘guarding’ (all three preserved in vigil).

The original sense ‘liveliness’ is represented in vigour. The prehistoric Germanic base *wak- took over the ‘not sleep, watch’ group of senses. From it was derived the verb *wakōjan, which subsequently split into two in English, producing wake and watch. The noun wake, which (unlike the verb) preserves the ‘watch’ strand of meaning (now specialized to ‘watching over a dead body’), comes from the same base. Waken [12] was borrowed from the related Old Norse vakna. Wake ‘track of a boat’ [16] probably came via Middle Low German wake from Old Norse vök ‘hole in the ice’.
=> vegetable, vigil, vigour, waft, wait, watch

wake (v.)

"to become awake," a Middle English merger of Old English wacan "to become awake, arise, be born, originate," and Old English wacian "to be or remain awake," both from Proto-Germanic *waken (cognates: Old Saxon wakon, Old Norse vaka, Danish vaage, Old Frisian waka, Dutch waken, Old High German wahhen, German wachen "to be awake," Gothic wakan "to watch"), from PIE root *weg- (2) "to be strong, be lively" (cognates: Sanskrit vajah "force, strength; swiftness, speed," vajayati "drives on;" Latin vigil "watchful, awake," vigere "be lively, thrive," velox "fast, lively," vegere "to enliven;" vigil "awake, wakeful," vigor "liveliness, activity"). Causative sense "to rouse from sleep" is attested from c. 1300. Related: Waked; waking.

wake (n.2)

"state of wakefulness," Old English -wacu (in nihtwacu "night watch"), related to watch (n.); and partly from Old Norse vaka "vigil, eve before a feast," related to vaka "be awake" (cognates: Old High German wahta "watch, vigil," Middle Dutch wachten "to watch, guard;" see wake (v.)). Meaning "a sitting up at night with a corpse" is attested from early 15c. (the verb in this sense is recorded from mid-13c.; as a noun lichwake is from late 14c.). The custom largely survived as an Irish activity. Wakeman (c. 1200), which survives as a surname, was Middle English for "watchman."

wake (n.1)

"track left by a moving ship," 1540s, perhaps from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch wake "hole in the ice," from Old Norse vök, vaka "hole in the ice," from Proto-Germanic *wakwo. The sense perhaps evolved via "track made by a vessel through ice." Perhaps the English word is directly from Scandinavian. Figurative use (such as in the wake of "following close behind") is recorded from 1806.

1. Adam stumbles on, leaving a trail of devastation in his wake.

亚当蹒跚而行，沿路留下毁坏的痕迹。

2. In his wake came a waiter wheeling a trolley.

一位推着手推车的侍者紧随着他过来。

3. You will wake to find film crews camped in your backyard.

一觉醒来，你会发现电影摄制组进驻了你家后院。

4. Strangely enough, you will automatically wake up after this length of time.

奇怪的是，过了这样一段时间你就会自己醒来。

5. The ride was smooth until they got into the merchant ship's wake.

航行一直很顺利，直到他们碰上了商船的尾流。

【waken, evoke, wake, arouse, awake】
这组词都有“唤醒,唤起”的意思，其区别是：
waken: vi.醒来,睡醒(up);觉醒,振奋 vt.唤醒,弄醒;使觉醒;使振奋,激发;激起
evoke: vt.唤起,引起,使人想到
wake: vi.醒来 vt.唤醒,唤起,激起,使认识到 wake (up) to 认识到,意识到
arouse: vt.引起,唤起,激起;唤醒=awaken
awake: adj.[用作表语]醒着的 vt.唤醒,觉醒 vi.醒,觉醒,意识到

【waken, rouse, wake, arouse, awake】
这组词都有“唤醒、醒来”的意思，其区别是：
waken: 书面用词，常用于被动态和引申意义。
rouse: 较正式用词，用主动语态时，强调弄醒别人的努力，用被动语态时，指轻而易举地醒过来。可用于引申意义。
wake: 普通常用词，指真正的醒来。即可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。
arouse: 除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。
awake: 正式用词，常指觉醒、警惕的状态，也多用于比喻。