tough

1. “他服” => 我非常坚强、顽强、强壮，让他很服气、很佩服。
2. 他服了，我实在是太顽强了，他彻底服气了。

tough 坚硬的，坚强的，艰难的，艰苦的

来自古英语 toh,结实的，坚硬的，来自 Proto-Germanic*tanhuz,结实的，坚硬的，来自 PIE*denk, 咬，词源同 tongs,tang.拼写受 rough,enough 等影响。引申诸相关词义。词义的多样化演变比 较 hardy.

tough (adj.)

Old English toh "strong and firm in texture, tenacious, sticky," from Proto-Germanic *tanhu- (cognates: Middle Low German tege, Middle Dutch taey, Dutch taai, Old High German zach, German zäh), which Watkins suggests is from PIE *denk- "to bite," from the notion of "holding fast." See rough for spelling change.

From c. 1200 as "strong, powerful;" c. 1300 as "not tender or fragile;" early 14c. as "difficult to chew," also "hard to endure." Figurative sense of "steadfast" is mid-14c.; that of "hard to do, trying, laborious" is from 1610s. Verb tough it "endure the experience" is first recorded 1830, American English. Tough guy attested from 1901. Tough-minded first recorded 1907 in William James. Tough luck first recorded 1912; tough shit, dismissive retort to a complaint, is from 1946.

tough (n.)

"street ruffian," 1866, American English, from tough (adj.).

1. We'll face a tough fight in the upcoming election.

在即将到来的选举中，我们将面临一场恶斗。

2. The steak was tough and the peas were like bullets.

牛排老得嚼不动，豌豆像子弹一样硬。

3. They believe that a tough, materially poor childhood is character-building.

他们认为一个艰难贫困的童年有助于性格的培养。

4. I think it was very brave of him to tough it out.

我认为他坚持到底非常勇敢。

5. She is tough, unwilling to take no for an answer.

她很强硬，不达目的誓不罢休。

【wholesome, fit, robust, strong, sound, tough, healthy, sturdy, vigorous, well】
这组词都有“健康的，强健的”的意思，其区别是：
wholesome: 多指能给人留下身体健康、思想健全或品德良好等印象。
fit: 既可指健壮又可指健全无病。
robust: 强调身体强健。
strong: 既指体格健壮，又指体力或精神上的力量。
sound: 侧重身体各部分或器官没有病，无任何缺陷，即健康。
tough: 着重指人的体格健壮。
healthy: 指身体无病，也可指身心健全、正常的。
sturdy: 侧重于结实的体格。
vigorous: 指人强健有力，精力充沛。
well: 仅指没有疾病，但不一定很健康。