stout

来自古法语 estout,勇敢的，狂暴的，骄傲的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stultaz,雄壮的，庄严的， 沉稳的，来自 PIE*stel,放置，站立，词源同 stall,still.字母 l 软化为 u.词义贬义化为粗壮的， 肥壮的。

stout

stout: [14] Stout originally meant ‘proud, brave’. It came via Anglo-Norman stout from a prehistoric West Germanic *stult- (source also of German stolz ‘proud’), which may have been related to the ancestor of English stilt. The notion of ‘braveness’ led on to that of ‘physical strength’ and ‘powerful physique’, but the word did not go downhill to ‘fat’ until the end of the 18th century. The application to a sort of strong beer dates from the 17th century.
=> stilt

stout (adj.)

c. 1300, "proud, valiant, strong," from Old French estout "brave, fierce, proud," earlier estolt "strong," from a Germanic source from West Germanic *stult- "proud, stately, strutting" (cognates: Middle Low German stolt "stately, proud," German stolz "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"), from PIE root *stel- "to put, stand" (see stall (n.1)). Meaning "strong in body, powerfully built" is attested from late 14c., but has been displaced by the (often euphemistic) meaning "thick-bodied, fat and large, bulky in figure," which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in figurative phrase stout-hearted (1550s). Related: Stoutly; stoutness.

stout (n.)

1670s, "strong beer or ale," from stout (adj.). Later especially, and now usually, "porter of extra strength" (by 1762).

1. He was a tall, stout man with gray hair.

他是个又高又胖、头发灰白的男子。

2. The invasion was held up by unexpectedly stout resistance.

入侵行动因遭遇到了出乎意料的顽强抵抗而受阻。

3. Jacobs was a stout, florid man.

雅各布斯身材结实，脸色红润。

4. I hope you've both got stout shoes.

我希望你们俩都有结实的鞋子。

5. a stout pair of shoes

一双厚实耐穿的鞋