stone

谐音“石头”

stone 石头，石块

来自古英语 stan,石头，来自 Proto-Germanic*stainaz,石头，来自 PIE*stai,硬化，石头，词源 同 stearin,硬脂，硬脂酸甘油油酯。

stone

stone: [OE] Stone is a general Germanic word, with relatives in German stein, Dutch steen, and Swedish and Danish sten. These all go back to a prehistoric *stainaz, which was derived from a base denoting ‘stiffness’ or ‘solidity’ (source also of Greek stía ‘pebble’ and stéar ‘stiff, fat’, Sanskrit styā- ‘stiffen’, and Serbo-Croat stijena ‘rock’). The use of the English term for a measure of weight, equal to fourteen pounds, dates from the 14th century.

stone (n.)

Old English stan, used of common rocks, precious gems, concretions in the body, memorial stones, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (cognates: Old Norse steinn, Danish steen, Old Saxon sten, Old Frisian sten, Dutch steen, Old High German stein, German Stein, Gothic stains), from PIE *stoi-no-, suffixed form of root *stai- "stone," also "to thicken, stiffen" (cognates: Sanskrit styayate "curdles, becomes hard;" Avestan stay- "heap;" Greek stear "fat, tallow," stia, stion "pebble;" Old Church Slavonic stena, Russian stiena "wall").

Sense of "testicle" is from late Old English. The British measure of weight (usually equal to 14 pounds) is from late 14c., originally a specific stone. Stone-fruit, one with a pit, is from 1520s. Stone's throw for "a short distance" is attested from 1580s. Stone Age is from 1864. To kill two birds with one stone is first attested 1650s. To leave no stone unturned is from 1540s.

stone (adj.)

"made of stone," Old English (which also had stænan "stonen"); see stone (n.). As an intensifying adjective recorded from 1935, first recorded in black slang, probably from earlier use in phrases like stone blind (late 14c., literally "blind as a stone"), stone deaf, stone-cold (1590s), etc. Stone cold sober dates from 1937.

stone (v.)

c. 1200, "to pelt with stones," from stone (n.). From c. 1600 as "to fit with stones;" 1630s as "to free from stones" (of fruit, etc.). Related: Stoned; stoning.

1. He lost two stone in weight during his time there.

他在那儿的时候体重下降了2英石。

2. She strove to read the name on the stone pillar.

她费劲地读着石柱上的名字。

3. A flight of stone steps leads to the terrace.

一段石阶通向露台。

4. I waved goodbye and went down the stone harbour steps.

我挥手告别，然后走下港口石阶。

5. Wilde fell and struck his head on the stone floor.

怀尔德摔倒了，头撞在石头地上。

【pebble, stone, rock, gravel】
这组词都有“石、石头”的意思，其区别是：
pebble: 多指海边、河边或沙中圆形的小卵石。
stone: 普通用词，泛指井然的或经加工的各类石头，可大可小。
rock: 普通用词，指构成地表最坚硬部分或突出于周围地面的巨大岩石，也可指石头或石块。
gravel: 集合名词，常指用于铺路的小石子和沙砾。

【jewel, jewellery, stone, gem】
这组词都有“宝石”的意思，其区别是：
jewel: 多指贵重的宝石，是经过切削打磨，通常镶嵌在胸针、项链或其它装饰物上的玉。
jewellery: 是珠宝的总称，泛指各类珠宝，既指佩带或衣服的珠宝饰物，又指用普通金属、塑料或假宝石制作的装饰物。
stone: 特别强调稀少罕见或值钱的矿物。
gem: 指经切割、磨光的宝石，引申指珍品、佳作。