记忆方法
1、speed 最早不是「快」：古英语 sped 的意思是「成功、兴旺」，祝人 Godspeed(一路顺风)里还留着这层。
2、「办得顺」→「走得快」，这个后起的意思反倒成了主力，原义只剩 prosper(兴旺)在守。
3、同根还有 desperate：de- + sper(希望)没了 → 绝望、铤而走险。
2、「办得顺」→「走得快」，这个后起的意思反倒成了主力，原义只剩 prosper(兴旺)在守。
3、同根还有 desperate：de- + sper(希望)没了 → 绝望、铤而走险。
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词族 · speed
中文词源
speed 繁荣，兴旺，速度，迅速，快速
来自古英语 sped,繁荣，兴旺，来自 Proto-Germanic*spodiz,繁荣，兴旺，来自 PIE*spe,繁荣， 兴旺，词源同 prosper,desperate.后引申比喻义速度，迅速，快速，且成为主要词义，原词义 逐渐不再使用。
英语词源
- speed
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speed: [OE] Speed originally meant ‘success, prosperity’ – and when you wish someone Godspeed, you are wishing them ‘good fortune’. Largely, though, it is the secondary sense ‘quickness’, which first emerged in the late Old English period, that has survived to the present day. It has a surviving Germanic relative in Dutch spoed ‘quickness’, and it also has possible links with Old Church Slavonic speti ‘succeed’. It was first used as a slang term for ‘amphetamine’ in the mid 1960s.
- speed (n.)
- Old English sped "success, a successful course; prosperity, riches, wealth; luck; opportunity, advancement," from Proto-Germanic *spodiz (cognates: Old Saxon spod "success," Dutch spoed "haste, speed," Old High German spuot "success," Old Saxon spodian "to cause to succeed," Middle Dutch spoeden, Old High German spuoten "to haste"), from PIE *spo-ti-, from root *spe- (1) "to thrive, prosper" (cognates: Sanskrit sphayate "increases," Latin sperare "to hope," Old Church Slavonic spechu "endeavor," Lithuanian speju "to have leisure").
Meaning "rapidity of movement, quickness, swiftness" emerged in late Old English (at first usually adverbially, in dative plural, as in spedum feran). Meaning "rate of motion or progress" (whether fast or slow) is from c. 1200. Meaning "gear of a machine" is attested from 1866. Meaning "methamphetamine, or a related drug," first attested 1967, from its effect on users.
Speed limit is from 1879 (originally of locomotives); speed-trap is from 1908. Speed bump is 1975; figurative sense is 1990s. Full speed is recorded from late 14c. Speed reading first attested 1965. Speedball "mix of cocaine and morphine or heroin" is recorded from 1909. - speed (v.)
- Old English spedan (intransitive) "to succeed, prosper, grow rich, advance," from the stem of speed (n.). Compare Old Saxon spodian, Middle Dutch spoeden "hasten," Old High German spuoton "to succeed, prosper," German sputen "make haste, hurry." Meaning "to go hastily from place to place, move rapidly" is attested from c. 1200. Transitive meaning "cause to advance toward success" is from mid-13c.; that of "send forth with quickness, give a high speed to" is first recorded 1560s; that of "to increase the work rate of" (usually with up) is from 1856. Meaning "drive an automobile too fast" is from 1908. Related: Speeded; sped; speeding.
权威例句
- 1. He pushed everyone full speed ahead until production hit a bottleneck.
- 他催促所有人拼命干活，直到生产遭遇瓶颈。
- 2. The camera combines rugged reliability with unequalled optical performance and speed.
- 这款相机既坚固耐用，又有超凡的光学性能和快门速度。
- 3. It all started so promisingly when Speed scored a tremendous first goal.
- 比赛开始的时候形势大好，斯皮德以一记精彩的进球拔得头筹。
- 4. The train's average speed was no better than that of our bicycles.
- 火车的平均速度比我们骑自行车的速度快不了多少。
- 5. The vehicles have a top speed of 80 kilometres per hour.
- 这些车辆最高时速为80公里。
词语辨析
【accelerate, hasten, rush, hurry, speed, quicken】
这组词都有“加快，使加快”的意思，其区别是：
accelerate: 着重指频率或速率运转加快。
hasten: 指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速。
rush: 含义与hurry相近，但显得更仓促更慌乱。
hurry: 指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。
speed: 侧重实际的快速行动。
quicken: 普通用词，指增加速度、速率。
【haste, hurry, speed, dispatch】
这组词都有“迅速，急速”的意思，其区别是：
haste: 中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。
hurry: 指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意味。
speed: 多用于褒义，指行动敏捷快速，效果好。
dispatch: 指迅速、敏捷地结事某事，强调敏捷和及时。
【pace, rate, speed, velocity】
这组词都有“速度、速率”的意思，其区别是：
pace: 普通用词，指步行的速度，常引申指活动的进度或生产率。
rate: 作“速度”讲时，与speed同义，可换用。作速率解时，指相对增长的速度，也指两种相比较而得出的标准速度。
speed: 普通用词，指单位时间内行进的固定速度或速率，也指可能达到的最高速度。
velocity: 技术用词，指物体沿着一定方向运动时的速率。
这组词都有“加快，使加快”的意思，其区别是：
accelerate: 着重指频率或速率运转加快。
hasten: 指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速。
rush: 含义与hurry相近，但显得更仓促更慌乱。
hurry: 指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。
speed: 侧重实际的快速行动。
quicken: 普通用词，指增加速度、速率。
【haste, hurry, speed, dispatch】
这组词都有“迅速，急速”的意思，其区别是：
haste: 中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。
hurry: 指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意味。
speed: 多用于褒义，指行动敏捷快速，效果好。
dispatch: 指迅速、敏捷地结事某事，强调敏捷和及时。
【pace, rate, speed, velocity】
这组词都有“速度、速率”的意思，其区别是：
pace: 普通用词，指步行的速度，常引申指活动的进度或生产率。
rate: 作“速度”讲时，与speed同义，可换用。作速率解时，指相对增长的速度，也指两种相比较而得出的标准速度。
speed: 普通用词，指单位时间内行进的固定速度或速率，也指可能达到的最高速度。
velocity: 技术用词，指物体沿着一定方向运动时的速率。