shelter

shelter 遮蔽，庇护，庇护所，避难所

可能改写自 sheld,盾，来自 shield 的旧拼写形式，-er,表物。引申词义保护，遮蔽，庇护等。

shelter

shelter: [16] The origins of shelter are unclear, but the most usually accepted explanation is that it is an alteration of the now obsolete sheltron. This denoted a body of troops which protected itself in battle with a covering of joined shields. It was descended from Old English scieldtruma, a compound formed from scield, the ancestor of modern English shield, and truma ‘troop’.
=> shield

shelter (n.)

1580s, "structure affording protection," possibly an alteration of Middle English sheltron, sheldtrume "roof or wall formed by locked shields," from Old English scyldtruma, from scield "shield" (see shield (n.)) + truma "troop," related to Old English trum "firm, strong" (see trim).

If so, the original notion is of a compact body of men protected by interlocking shields. OED finds this "untenable" and proposed derivation from shield + -ture. Figurative sense is recorded from 1580s; meaning "temporary lodging for homeless poor" is first recorded 1890 in Salvation Army jargon; sense of "temporary home for animals" is from 1971. Related: Shelterless.

shelter (v.)

1580s, "to screen, protect," from shelter (n.); in the income investment sense, from 1955. Meaning "to take shelter" is from c. 1600. Related: Sheltered; sheltering.

1. The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.

寻求避难的家庭户增加了17％。

2. Many are sleeping in the open because they have no shelter.

很多人因为没有栖身之所，只好露宿在外。

3. When it rained I rigged up a partial shelter with a tarpaulin.

下雨的时候，我用油布草草搭了一个能简单避雨的棚子。

4. No shelter was available for miles around in this treeless landscape.

在这个光秃秃没有树木的地方，周围数英里内都没有掩蔽处。

5. They took refuge in a bomb shelter.

他们在防空洞中避难。

【home, building, residence, shelter, dwelling, habitation, house】
这组词都有“居住处”的意思，其区别是：
home: 指永久住家时，带有家庭所特有的温暖、情感等气息。
building: 泛指一切建筑物，不限于居住的房子。
residence: 指大而堂皇的寓所或公馆，也指法律上的居住点。
shelter: 可指长期或临时的住处，也指简陋或临时搭建的躲避风雨的场所。
dwelling: 正式用词，仅指人们居住的任何建筑物。
habitation: 指长久或固定的住所或居住地。
house: 中性词，泛指一切供居住的建筑物，尤指适合一家一户居住的房屋。

【home, dwelling, shelter, household, family, house, lodging】
home: 家，带有感情色彩
dwelling: 住所，公寓
shelter: 庇护处（收容所，庇护所）
household: 抽象的家庭，并含有家事，家务之意
family: 家庭，指组成家庭的成员
house: 房屋，住宅
lodging: 寄宿处

【shelter, guard, harbour, safeguard, defend, shield, protect】
这组词都有“保护、保卫”的意思，其区别是：
shelter: 通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。
guard: 普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。
harbour: 贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。
safeguard: 语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。
defend: 普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。
shield: 语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。
protect: 普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。

【refuge, protection, shelter】
这组词都有“保护、掩蔽(部)、庇护(所)”的意思，其区别是：
refuge: 指避免危险或灾难的安全场所。
protection: 普通用词，指任何保护物。
shelter: 多指暂时性的防护，侧重场所。