sentence

来自古法语 sentence,裁决，判断，决定，来自拉丁语 sententia,裁决，决定，表达思想，现在 分词格名词形式于 sentire,感觉，感知，发表意见，来自 PIE*sent,感觉，词源同 sense.引申词 义教条，训导，格言等。后主要用于语法格指句子，即一个完整的表达。

sentence

sentence: [13] ‘Complete grammatical unit’ is a comparatively recent meaning of sentence, which only emerged in English in the 15th century. Its Latin ancestor sententia originally meant ‘feeling’, for it was a derivative of sentīre ‘feel’ (source also of English sense, sentiment, etc). It subsequently broadened out to ‘opinion, judgment’, which was the starting point for the use of English sentence for ‘judicial declaration of punishment’. Sententia also came to denote ‘meaning’, and hence ‘meaning expressed in words’ and ‘maxim’.

The former lies behind the grammatical sense of English sentence, while the latter survives in the derived adjective sententious [15].
=> sense, sententious

sentence (n.)

c. 1200, "doctrine, authoritative teaching; an authoritative pronouncement," from Old French sentence "judgment, decision; meaning; aphorism, maxim; statement of authority" (12c.) and directly from Latin sententia "thought, way of thinking, opinion; judgment, decision," also "a thought expressed; aphorism, saying," from sentientem, present participle of sentire "be of opinion, feel, perceive" (see sense (n.)). Loss of first -i- in Latin by dissimilation.

From early 14c. as "judgment rendered by God, or by one in authority; a verdict, decision in court;" from late 14c. as "understanding, wisdom; edifying subject matter." From late 14c. as "subject matter or content of a letter, book, speech, etc.," also in reference to a passage in a written work. Sense of "grammatically complete statement" is attested from mid-15c. "Meaning," then "meaning expressed in words." Related: Sentential.

sentence (v.)

"to pass judgment," c. 1400, from sentence (n.). Related: Sentenced; sentencing.

1. He stood emotionless as he heard the judge pass sentence.

他面无表情地站在那里，听法官宣布判决。

2. If he is caught again he will be given a custodial sentence.

如果他再次被捕，将会被处以监禁。

3. His nine-month sentence was overturned by Appeal Court judge Lord Justice Watkins.

上诉法院法官沃特金斯撤销了对他作出的9个月徒刑的判决。

4. These rules tell us how a sentence is broken down into phrases.

这些规则告诉我们一个句子是怎样分解成若干短语的。

5. Nothing other than an immediate custodial sentence could be justified.

只有判决即时监禁才算合理。