second

来自古法语 second,第二的，来自拉丁语 secundus,第二的，从属的，按顺序的，紧跟着的， 来自 sequi,跟随，词源同 sequence,consequent.-und,形容词后缀。

来自法语 seconde,秒，来自拉丁语 secunda pars minuta,即 second diminished part,第二次缩小 的部分。比较 minute,分钟，来自拉丁语 pars minuta prima,即 prime diminished part,第一次缩 小的部分。引申词义片刻，瞬间，短暂等。

second

second: [13] Latin secundus originally meant ‘following’ – it was derived from sequī ‘follow’, source of English sequence – and only secondarily came to be used as the ordinal version of ‘two’. English acquired it via Old French second, employing it to take over part of the role of other, which until then had denoted ‘second’ as well as ‘other’.

Its noun use for ‘sixtieth of a minute’, first recorded in English in the 14th century, comes from medieval Latin secunda minuta, literally ‘second minute’ – a minute was a ‘sixtieth part’, and so a ‘second minute’ was a ‘sixtieth of a sixtieth’. Latin secundus was also used for ‘favourable’, and in this sense the verb secundāre was formed from it, meaning ‘favour’.

English acquired it via French seconder as second ‘support’ [16]. (The differently pronounced second ‘transfer to a different job’ [19] comes from the French phrase en second ‘in second rank’.)
=> sect, sequal, sequence, sue, suit

second (adj.)

"next after first," c. 1300, from Old French second, secont, and directly from Latin secundus "following, next in time or order," also "secondary, subordinate, inferior," from root of sequi "follow" (see sequel). Replaced native other in this sense because of the ambiguousness of the earlier word. Second sight is from 1610s; an etymologically perverse term, because it means in reality the sight of events before, not after, they occur. Second fiddle first attested 1809:

A metaphor borrowed from a musical performer who plays the second or counter to one who plays the first or the "air." [Bartlett, "Dictionary of Americanisms," 1848]

second (n.1)

"one-sixtieth of a minute of degree," also "sixtieth part of a minute of time," late 14c. in geometry, from Old French seconde, from Medieval Latin secunda, short for secunda pars minuta "second diminished part," the result of the second division of the hour by sixty (the first being the "prime minute," now called the minute), from Latin secunda, fem. of secundus (see second (adj.)). The second hand of a clock is attested from 1759.

second (v.)

1580s, "to support or represent in a duel, fight, etc.," from Middle French seconder, from Latin secundare "to assist, make favorable," from secundus "assisting, favorable, following, second" (see second (adj.)). The parliamentary sense is first recorded 1590s. Related: Seconded; seconding.

second (n.2)

"assistant, supporter," 1580s, from second (v.).

1. This brings us to the second question I asked.

这就将我们带到了我所提的第二个问题。

2. Elliott crossed the finish line just half a second behind his adversary.

埃利奥特跨过终点线时仅比对手落后半秒钟。

3. All this, needless to say, had been culled second-hand from radio reports.

不用说，所有这些都是从电台报道中采集来的二手材料。

4. "Wait there!" Kathryn rose. "No, on second thought, follow me."

“在那儿等着！”凯瑟琳站起身来，“不，我改主意了。跟我来。”

5. With a snarl, the second dog made a dive for his heel.

伴着一声嗥叫，第二只狗扑向了他的脚后跟。