记忆方法
1、raw 出自古英语 hreaw「未煮的」，往上 PIE *kreue 指带血的生肉，同族 crude(粗糙的，本义就是生的)、cruel(残忍的，早年也有「生的、没练过」这层)、pancreas(胰腺，希腊语「全肉」)、creosote(木馏油，出自「肉+保存」)。
2、词首的 h- 在中古英语掉了，剩下 raw；德语 roh、荷兰语 rauw 是亲戚。
3、引申一路走：raw materials 原材料、raw skin 擦破的皮、raw recruit 没训练过的新兵。
2、词首的 h- 在中古英语掉了，剩下 raw；德语 roh、荷兰语 rauw 是亲戚。
3、引申一路走：raw materials 原材料、raw skin 擦破的皮、raw recruit 没训练过的新兵。
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中文词源
raw 生的，原始的
来自古英语 hreaw,未煮的，生的，来自 Proto-Germanic*khrawaz,生的，来自 PIE*kreue,带血 的肉，生肉，词源同 crude,cruel,pancreas.引申诸多相关词义。
英语词源
- raw
-
raw: [OE] Raw has relatives in German (roh), Dutch (rauw), Swedish (rå), and Danish (ra). These all go back to a prehistoric Germanic ancestor *khrawaz, whose ultimate source was Indo-European *krowos (other descendants of the same base include Greek kréas ‘flesh’, from which English gets creosote and pancreas, and Latin crūdus ‘raw’, source of English crude and cruel).
=> creosote, crude, cruel, pancreas - raw (adj.)
- Old English hreaw "uncooked, raw," from Proto-Germanic *khrawaz (cognates: Old Norse hrar, Danish raa, Old Saxon hra, Middle Dutch rau, Dutch rauw, Old High German hrawer, German roh), from PIE root *kreue- (1) "raw flesh" (cognates: Sanskrit kravih "raw flesh," krura- "bloody, raw, hard;" Greek kreas "flesh;" Latin crudus "not cooked," cruor "thick blood;" Old Irish cru, Lithuanian kraujas, Old Church Slavonic kruvi "blood;" Old English hrot "thick fluid, serum").
Meaning "tender, sore" is from late 14c.; of persons, "inexperienced" from 1560s; of weather, "damp and chilly" first recorded 1540s. Related: Rawly; rawness. Raw material is from 1796, with sense of "in a rudimental condition, unfinished." Phrase in the raw "naked" (1921) is from the raw "exposed flesh," attested from 1823. Raw deal "harsh treatment" attested by 1893.
权威例句
- 1. Use separate chopping boards for raw meats, cooked meats, vegetables and salads.
- 切生肉、熟肉、蔬菜和拌色拉的青菜时要使用不同的切菜板。
- 2. The mere mention of John had touched a very raw nerve indeed.
- 提到约翰就真的让人心痛。
- 3. He also wanted to see Bangladesh in the raw.
- 他也想看看原生态的孟加拉国是什么样子。
- 4. Half of it is burned and half of it is raw.
- 一半烧焦了，另一半还是生的。
- 5. Discharge of raw sewage into the sea is unsanitary and unsafe.
- 把未经处理的污水排放到海里既不卫生也不安全。
词语辨析
【raw, original, primitive】
raw: 原始的
original: 最初的，独特的
primitive: 原始的
raw: 原始的
original: 最初的，独特的
primitive: 原始的