pile

来自拉丁语pila,柱子，桥墩，词源同pole,pillar.引申词义堆，摞。

来自拉丁语pilus,头发，毛发，来自PIE*pil,拔，一绺毛发，词源同caterpillar,depilatory.

来自古英语pil,木桩，箭，来自拉丁语pilum,标枪，长矛，来自PIE*peis,捣，杵，词源同 pestle,piston.

pile

pile: English has three words pile. The commonest, ‘heap’ [15], originally meant ‘pillar’. It comes ultimately from Latin pīla ‘pillar’, source also of English pilaster, pillar, etc. This evolved in meaning to ‘pier or harbour wall made of stones’, and inspired a derived verb pīlāre ‘heap up’ (source of English compile [14]).

The sense ‘heap’ came to the fore in Old French pile, and passed into English. Pile ‘post driven into the ground’ [OE] was borrowed into Old English from Latin pīlum ‘javelin’. It was originally used for a ‘throwing spear’, ‘arrow’, or ‘spike’, and its present-day use did not emerge (via ‘pointed stake or post’) until the Middle English period. Pile ‘nap on cloth, carpets, etc’ [15] probably comes via Anglo-Norman pyle from Latin pilus ‘hair’ (which may be distantly related to English pillage and pluck, and lies behind English depilatory [17]).
=> compile, pilaster, pillar; depilatory

pile (n.1)

"mass, heap," early 15c., originally "pillar, pier of a bridge," from Middle French pile and directly from Latin pila "stone barrier, pillar, pier" (see pillar). Sense development in Latin from "pier, harbor wall of stones," to "something heaped up." In English, sense of "heap of things" is attested from mid-15c. (the verb in this sense is recorded from mid-14c.). The meaning "large building" (late 14c.) is probably the same word.

pile (n.2)

"heavy pointed beam," from Old English pil "stake," also "arrow," from Latin pilum heavy javelin of the Roman foot soldier, literally "pestle" (source of Old Norse pila, Old High German pfil, German Pfeil "arrow"), of uncertain origin.

pile (n.3)

"soft, raised surface upon cloth," mid-14c., "downy plumage," from Anglo-French pyle or Middle Dutch pijl, both from Latin pilus "a hair" (source of Italian pelo, Old French pel). Phonological evidence rules out transmission of the English word via Old French cognate peil, poil. Meaning "nap upon cloth" is from 1560s.

pile (v.)

"to heap up," mid-14c.; see pile (n.1). Related: Piled; piling. Figurative verbal expression pile on "attack vigorously, attack en masse," is from 1894, American English.

1. On the table beside an empty plate was a pile of books.

桌上空盘子的旁边是一堆书。

2. The entire pile shifted and slid, thumping onto the floor.

那整整一摞东西动了一下后滑落下来，嘭的一声全掉到了地上。

3. I've got a pile of questions afterwards for you.

我有一大堆的问题等着过后问你。

4. Pick over the fruit and pile on top of the cream.

拣出好的水果，码放在奶油上。

5. She dug out a photograph from under a pile of papers.

她从一堆报纸下面抽出一张照片。