menace

1. 谐音“灭你死”----黑帮老大对小混混说“你要是不乖乖听话的话，就灭你死，灭死你，灭你全家”----威胁，恐吓。

menace 威胁

来自拉丁语minari,突出，升出，来自PIE*men,突出，升出，词源同mountain,minatory.引申词义威胁。

menace

menace: [13] Latin mināx meant ‘threatening’ (it was formed from a base *min- ‘jut’ which also produced English eminent and prominent, and hence etymologically denoted ‘overhanging’). From it was derived the noun minācia ‘threatening things’, which passed into English via Old French manace. The closely related demeanour comes ultimately from a word denoting ‘drive animals with threats’.
=> eminent, prominent

menace (n.)

c. 1300, "declaration of hostile intent," also "act of threatening," from Old French menace "menace, threat" (9c.), from Vulgar Latin minacia "threat, menace" (also source of Spanish amenaza, Italian minaccia), singular of Latin minaciæ "threatening things," from minax (genitive minacis) "threatening," from minari "threaten, jut, project," from minæ "threats, projecting points," from PIE root *men- (2) "to project." Applied to persons from 1936.

menace (v.)

c. 1300, from Old French menacer "threaten, urge" (11c.), Anglo-French manasser, from Vulgar Latin *minaciare "to threaten," from minacia (see menace (n.)). Related: Menaced; menacing.

1. The European states retained a latent capability to menace Britain's own security.

欧洲国家仍具有威胁英国自身安全的潜在能力。

2. There is a pervading sense of menace.

有一种危机四伏的感觉。

3. You're a menace to my privacy, Kenworthy.

肯沃西，你这人真讨厌，居然侵犯我的隐私。

4. Excessive drinking is a social menace.

过度饮酒是一种社会公害。

5. a new initiative aimed at beating the menace of illegal drugs

旨在打击非法毒品威胁的新举措

【risk, danger, threat, menace, hazard, peril】
这组词都有“危险、威胁”的意思，其区别是：
risk: 指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。
danger: 含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。
threat: 普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。
menace: 所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。
hazard: 比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。
peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。

【menace, threaten】
这组词都有“威胁、恐吓”的意思，其区别是：
menace: 系正式用词，着重以脸色或某种意志给以威胁，而不用语言明白表示出来。
threaten: 侧重扬言要对不服从者给予惩罚，有时指某种情况所预示的恶兆。