jowl

来自古英语ceole,喉咙，来自PIE*gwele,吞食，吞咽，词源同glut,gullet.拼写受jaw影响。引申词义下颌垂肉，双下巴。

jowl

jowl: English has two words jowl, which are quite close together in meaning but are etymologically unrelated. The older, which means ‘jaw’, goes back ultimately to Old English ceafl. It is now encountered virtually only in the expression ‘cheek by jowl’. Jowl ‘flesh around the throat’ (now usually used in the plural) first appears in the 16th century. It may well be a development of Middle English cholle, which in turn probably goes back to Old English ceole ‘throat’ (a relative of German kehle ‘throat’).

jowl (n.1)

"jaw," 1570s, alteration of Middle English chawl (late 14c.), chavel (early 14c.), from Old English ceafl, from Proto-Germanic *kefalaz (cognates: Middle High German kiver, German kiefer, Old Norse kjoptr "jaw," Danish kæft, Flemish kavel, Dutch kevel "gum"), from PIE *gep(h)- "jaw, mouth" (cognates: Old Irish gop, Irish gob "beak, mouth"). The change from ch- to j- has not been explained.

jowl (n.2)

"fold of flesh under the jaw," 1590s, alteration of Middle English cholle "fold of flesh hanging from the jaw" (c. 1300), perhaps from Old English ceole "throat," from PIE root *gwele- (3) "to swallow" (see glut (v.)). This word and jowl (n.1) influenced one another in form and sense.

1. She has to live cheek by jowl with oiks, people with tattoos and stolen videos.

她不得不跟那些刺有文身、偷盗影碟的大老粗为邻。

2. She and her family have to live cheek by jowl with these people.

她和家人不得不紧挨着这些人住着。

3. It was incongruous to see a thief sitting there cheek by jowl with the policeman.

一个小偷同一个警察亲切地坐在一起,这看上去很不协调.

4. My house stands cheek by jowl with hers.

我家与她家紧邻.

5. We'll never get through that crowd of people; they're packed in there cheek and jowl.

我们将无法从那人群中穿过去, 他们那里挤得水泄不通.