destroy

destroys 是 destroy 的第三人称单数,页面展示原形释义。
英 [dɪˈstrɔɪ] 美 [dɪˈstrɔɪ]
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  • vt. 破坏;消灭;毁坏
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将“destroy”分解为“de”和“stroy”,其中“de”暗示有否定的意思,“stroy”与“story”相似,可以想象破坏了一个故事或叙述,从而达到“毁灭”的含义。
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中文词源

destroy 破坏

de-, 夺去,损毁。-stroy, 建造,词源同structure,destruct.

英语词源

destroy
destroy: [13] As in the case of demolish, to destroy something is almost literally to ‘unbuild’ it. The word comes via Old French destruire from *dēstrūgere, a Vulgar Latin alteration of Latin dēstrūere. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix dē-, denoting reversal of a previous state, and strūere ‘pile up, build’ (source of English construct and structure). Its past participle, dēstructus, has produced English destruction [14], destructive [15], and the verb destruct (recorded once in the 17th century but revived in the 1950s by backformation from destruction).
=> construct, destruction, structure
destroy (v.)
early 13c., from Old French destruire (12c., Modern French détruire) "destroy, ravage, lay waste," from Vulgar Latin *destrugere (source of Italian distruggere), refashioned (influenced by destructus), from Latin destruere "tear down, demolish," literally "un-build," from de- "un-, down" (see de-) + struere "to pile, build" (see structure (n.)). Related: Destroyed; destroying.

权威例句

1. They can't destroy truth without destroying each and every one of us.
除非他们将我们赶尽杀绝,否则真理不灭。
2. Frogs eat pests which destroy crops and carry diseases.
青蛙吃破坏庄稼、传播疾病的害虫。
3. After the killing, he calmly lit a fire to destroy evidence.
杀人后,他镇定地点起火销毁罪证。
4. The dispute could destroy Australia's hard-won reputation for industrial stability.
这场纠纷可能会让澳大利亚劳资关系稳定这一来之不易的名声毁于一旦。
5. Criticizing will only destroy a relationship and create feelings of failure.
批评责备只能破坏关系,让人产生失败感。

词语辨析

【destroy, extinguish, exterminate】
这组词都有“消灭”的意思,其区别是:
destroy: 指通过杀戮或终止某人某物的机能,使之无用或毁灭。
extinguish: 原义指灭火,转义后暗示生命、希望等像火一样地消灭、熄灭。
exterminate: 指大量地、成批地杀害、消灭。

【destroy, break, wreck, ruin, spoil, damage】
这组词都有“破坏,损坏”的意思,其区别是:
destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏,含导致无用,不能或很难再修复的意味。
break: 普通用词,指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏,可指有形或无形的破坏。
wreck: 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏,也可指计划、健康受到损害。
ruin: 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭,侧重破坏的彻底性,也可用于引申意义。
spoil: 强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值,而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
damage: 多指对无生命物体的损害,造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。

【destroy, harm, ruin, damage】
这组词都有“破坏”的意思,其区别是:
destroy: 指十分彻底的毁坏,破坏。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.( 地震中整个城市被毁了。)
harm: 多指带来悲痛,产生恶果的伤害,可以是肉体的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(医生说吸烟对身体有害。)
ruin: 为正式用词,强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏,用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在画上,把它毁了。)另外,ruin的复数形式ruins表“废墟”。
damage: 一般指部分性的破坏,含可修复使用。

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