damn

来自拉丁语damnum, 损失，伤害，来自PIE*dap, 分配，献祭品。原为宗教名词，献祭，词义引申至损失，伤害，或诅咒，可能体现了古人对神既敬畏又反感的复杂心理。参照电影《诸神之战》。

damn

damn: [13] Damn comes via Old French damner from Latin damnāre, a derivative of the noun damnum. This originally meant ‘loss, harm’ (it is the source of English damage), but the verb damnāre soon spread its application to ‘pronounce judgment upon’, in both the legal and the theological sense. These meanings (reflected also in the derived condemn) followed the verb through Old French into English, which dropped the strict legal sense around the 16th century but has persisted with the theological one and its more profane offshoots.
=> condemn, damage, indemnity

damn (v.)

late 13c., "to condemn," from Old French damner "damn, condemn; convict, blame; injure," derivative of Latin damnare "to adjudge guilty; to doom; to condemn, blame, reject," from noun damnum "damage, hurt, harm; loss, injury; a fine, penalty," possibly from an ancient religious term from PIE *dap- "to apportion in exchange" [see Watkins]. The Latin word evolved a legal meaning of "pronounce judgment upon." Theological sense is first recorded early 14c.; the optative expletive use likely is as old.

Damn and its derivatives generally were avoided in print from 18c. to c. 1930s (the famous line in the film version of "Gone with the Wind" was a breakthrough and required much effort by the studio). The noun is recorded from 1610s; to be not worth a damn is from 1817. The adjective is 1775, short for damned; Damn Yankee, characteristic Southern U.S. term for "Northerner," is attested from 1812. Related: Damning.

1. "Wait a damn minute," Mindy spat. "Nobody said anything about staying overnight."

“该死的，等一下”，明迪愤愤地说道，“谁也没说过要过夜。”

2. I couldn't make head nor tail of the damn film.

这部该死的影片我一点儿都看不懂。

3. I couldn't get any purchase with the screwdriver on the damn screws.

我用螺丝刀拧那些该死的螺丝钉时一点也使不上劲儿。

4. "Damn!" he yelled at the top of his voice.

“该死！”他声嘶力竭地喊道。

5. It's as near as damn it the same thing.

这几乎没什么分别。