crust

来自PIE*kreus,冷冻，结晶，词源同crystal,cryogenic.原指由冷冻形成的硬壳。

crust

crust: [14] Latin crusta meant ‘hard outer covering, shell’ (it is related to a number of words, including ultimately crystal, denoting a hard surface caused by freezing). Old French acquired it as crouste (the modern French form croûte formed the basis of croûton, borrowed into English in the early 19th century), and passed it on to Middle English as cruste. Crusta formed the basis of the modern Latin adjective crustāceus ‘having a shell’, applied in the early 19th century to the crustacea or crustaceans. And a custard was originally a kind of pie enclosed in a crust.
=> croûton, crystal, custard

crust (v.)

late 14c.; see crust (n.). Related: Crusted; crusting.

crust (n.)

early 14c., "hard outer part of bread," from Old French crouste (13c., Modern French croûte) and directly from Latin crusta "rind, crust, shell, bark," from PIE *krus-to- "that which has been hardened," from root *kreus- "to begin to freeze, form a crust" (cognates: Sanskrit krud- "make hard, thicken;" Avestan xruzdra- "hard;" Greek krystallos "ice, crystal," kryos "icy cold, frost;" Lettish kruwesis "frozen mud;" Old High German hrosa "ice, crust;" Old English hruse "earth;" Old Norse hroðr "scurf"). Meaning "outer shell of the earth" is from 1550s.

1. Sergeant Parrott normally spoke with an upper-crust accent.

帕罗特军士说话通常带着上流社会的腔调。

2. The pastry crust was always underdone.

馅饼的壳皮常常烤得不透.

3. The crust of the bread is burnt.

这块面包的外皮烤焦了.

4. In his early days, he would do almost anything to earn a crust from the sport.

早年为了能在体育界混口饭吃，他几乎什么都做。

5. The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.

大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。