chap

1.家伙，来自cheap, 原指卖东西的小商人。

2.皲裂，来自chop变体。

chap

chap: There are four distinct words chap in English. The oldest, ‘sore on the skin’ [14], originally meant more generally ‘crack, split’, and may be related to Middle Low German kappen ‘chop off’; it seems ultimately to be the same word as chop ‘cut’. Chap ‘jaw’ [16] (as in Bath chaps) is probably a variant of chop (as in ‘lick one’s chops’). Chap ‘fellow’ [16] originally meant ‘customer’; it is an abbreviation of chapman ‘trader’ [OE] (source of the common surname, but now obsolete as an ordinary noun), whose first element is related to English cheap. Chaps ‘leggings’ [19] is short for Mexican Spanish chaparreras, a derivative of Spanish chaparro ‘evergreen oak’; they were named from their use in protecting the legs of riders from the low thick scrub that grows in Mexico and Texas (named with another derivative of chaparro, chaparral). Chaparro itself probably comes from Basque txapar, a diminutive of saphar ‘thicket’.
=> chop; cheap; chaparral

chap (n.)

1570s, "customer," short for obsolete chapman "purchaser, trader" (see cheap). Colloquial sense of "lad, fellow" is first attested 1716 (compare slang tough customer).

chap (v.)

"to crack," mid-15c., chappen (intransitive) "to split, burst open;" "cause to crack" (transitive); perhaps a variant of choppen (see chop (v.), and compare strap/strop), or related to Middle Dutch kappen "to chop, cut," Danish kappe, Swedish kappa "to cut." Related: Chapped; chapping. The noun meaning "fissure in the skin" is from late 14c.

1. Today the best tests are performed in the hospital .see chap. 17..

现在，本医院可提供最好的化验（见第17章）。

2. Poor chap— he was killed in an air crash.

不幸的家伙，他死于空难。

3. He's not a bad chap—quite human for an accountant.

这个家伙人不坏——就会计来说已经很有人情味了。

4. Are you all right, old chap?

你还好吗，老家伙？

5. Martin is a quiet, contemplative sort of chap.

马丁是个不爱讲话、喜欢沉思默想的小伙子。