carve

来自PIE *sker, 砍，切，刻，词源同graph ,shear ,scribe.

carve

carve: [OE] Originally, carve meant simply ‘cut’. That sense died out in the 16th century, leaving the more specialized ‘cut or incise decoratively’ and later ‘cut up meat at table’. Related words in other Germanic languages, such as Dutch kerven, point to a prehistoric West Germanic *kerfan, which is probably ultimately linked to Greek gráphein ‘write’ (source of English graphic), whose original notion was ‘scratch or incise on a surface’.
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carve (v.)

Old English ceorfan (class III strong verb; past tense cearf, past participle corfen) "to cut, cut down, slay; to carve, cut out, engrave," from West Germanic *kerfan (cognates: Old Frisian kerva, Middle Dutch and Dutch kerven, German kerben "to cut, notch"), from PIE root *gerbh- "to scratch," making carve the English cognate of Greek graphein "to write," originally "to scratch" on clay tablets with a stylus.

Once extensively used, most senses now usurped by cut (v.). Meaning specialized to sculpture, meat, etc., by 16c. Related: Carved; carving. Original strong conjugation has been abandoned, but archaic carven lingers.

1. He wanted to go into the street and carve someone's face up.

他想上街去把别人的脸刮花。

2. He is hoping to carve out a much greater role for himself.

他希望能争取到更重要的角色。

3. Andrew began to carve the chicken.

安德鲁开始切鸡肉。

4. Carve the beef into slices.

把牛肉切成片。

5. Carve the names and gild them.

把姓名刻上去，再镀上金。