campaign

将“campaign”与“camper”结合记忆，想象一个“camper”（露营车）在全球范围内进行旅行和宣传，代表一场“campaign”（运动或活动）。这种方法通过一个生动的场景帮助记忆单词的含义。

campaign 运动，战役

来自camp, 平地，战场。原指两军交战。

campaign

campaign: [17] Ultimately, campaign and champagne are the same word. Both go back to late Latin campānia, a derivative of Latin campus ‘open field’ (source of English camp). This passed into Old French as champagne and into Italian as campagna ‘open country’, and both words have subsequently come to be used as the designation of regions in France and Italy (whence English champagne [17], wine made in the Champagne area of eastern France).

The French word was also borrowed into English much earlier, as the now archaic champaign ‘open country’ [14]. Meanwhile, in Italian a particular military application of campagna had arisen: armies disliked fighting in winter because of the bad weather, so they stayed in camp, not emerging to do battle in the open countryside (the campagna) until summer. Hence campagna came to mean ‘military operations’; it was borrowed in to French as campagne, and thence into English.
=> camp, champagne

campaign (n.)

1640s, "operation of an army in the field," during a single season, in a particular region, or in a definite enterprise; from French campagne "campaign," literally "open country," from Old French champagne "countryside, open country" (suited to military maneuvers), from Late Latin campania "level country" (source of Italian campagna, Spanish campaña, Portuguese campanha), from Latin campus "a field" (see campus). Old armies spent winters in quarters and took to the "open field" to seek battle in summer. Extension of meaning to "political activity before an election, marked by organized action in influencing the voters" [DAE] is American English, 1809.

campaign (v.)

1701, from campaign (n.). Political sense is from 1801. Related: Campaigned; campaigning.

1. The strike has taken on overtones of a civil rights campaign.

罢工带上了民权运动的意味。

2. Perot hoped to run another series of campaign infomercials.

佩罗期待着新一轮的竞选宣传节目的播出。

3. It condemned in extremely strong language what it called Britain's iniquitous campaign.

它言辞激烈地谴责了这场它所谓的英国极不公正的竞选活动。

4. Now he plans to rev up publicity with a regional media campaign.

现在他准备通过开展地区性的媒体活动加大宣传力度。

5. The campaign has abounded in mutual accusations of uncivilised behaviour.

整个活动中双方频频指责对方粗野。

【battle, fight, struggle, combat, campaign, warfare, war, engagement】
这组词都有“战斗，战争”的意思，其区别是：
battle: 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。
fight: 最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。
struggle: 指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。
combat: 泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗，甚至是格斗。
campaign: 通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。
warfare: 侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。
war: 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。
engagement: 指交战，交火。