vertical

1、from Latin vertex (genitive verticis) "highest point".
2、verticis => vertic- + -al.
3、含义：of or at the vertex, directly overhead, straight up and down(引申义).

vertical 垂直的

来自vertex,顶点，引申义垂直的。

vertical

vertical: [16] Latin vertex originally meant ‘whirl’ (it was derived from vertere ‘turn’, source also of English verse, version, etc, and was itself borrowed into English in the 16th century). It came to be applied metaphorically to the ‘spiral of hair on top of the head’, and was then extended further to ‘highest point’. From it was derived late Latin verticālis, which passed into English via French vertical.

It originally denoted ‘of the highest point in the sky, the zenith’, and since this is directly overhead, by the 18th century vertical had come to be used for ‘perpendicular’. Also from vertere came Latin vertīgō ‘whirling’, borrowed into English as vertigo ‘dizziness’ [16].
=> verse

vertical (adj.)

1550s, "of or at the vertex, directly overhead," from Middle French vertical (1540s), from Late Latin verticalis "overhead," from Latin vertex (genitive verticis) "highest point" (see vertex). Meaning "straight up and down" is first recorded 1704. As a noun meaning "the vertical position or line" from 1834. Related: Vertically.

1. For some buildings a vertical section is more informative than a plan.

有些建筑的立面图能比平面图提供更多的信息。

2. The gadget can be attached to any vertical surface.

这小玩意儿可以粘在任何垂直表面上。

3. The gadget can be attached to any vertical or near vertical surface.

该装置可以装在任何垂直或近似垂直的平面上。

4. the vertical axis of the graph

图的纵轴

5. This illustration shows a vertical section through the locust.

本图所示为蝗虫的纵剖面.

【upright, vertical, erect, perpendicular, plumb】
这组词都有“垂直的、竖式的”的意思，其区别是：
upright: 普通用词，指竖立、笔直而不是倾斜、倒塌的。
vertical: 指与平面、水平线或基线成直角或几乎成直角向上延伸至顶点的物体。也可指呈直线上升或下降的。
erect: 指笔直挺拔，而非倾斜、佝偻、弯曲或倒塌的。
perpendicular: 指与水平线形成90度的线或面，或朝垂直方面延伸的，尤指向下的急剧运动。
plumb: 建筑上用词，凭锤球评判某物是否完全垂直。