substantial

substance,基础，根据，-al,形容词后缀。引申比喻义大量的，重大的。拼写比较 space,spatial.

substantial (adj.)

mid-14c., "ample, sizeable," from Old French substantiel (13c.) and directly from Latin substantialis "having substance or reality, material," in Late Latin "pertaining to the substance or essence," from substantia "being, essence, material"(see substance). Meaning "existing, having real existence" is from late 14c. Meaning "involving an essential part or point" is early 15c. Related: Substantially.

1. Substantial numbers of rank and file members ignored their union's advice.

有相当一部分普通员工不理睬工会的建议。

2. I got substantial damages. It took two years, mind you.

我损失惨重，请注意，我用了两年时间才恢复过来。

3. A substantial proportion of the population speak a French-based patois.

人口中有一大部分说以法语为基础的混合语。

4. The social services account for a substantial part of public spending.

社会福利事业占了一大部分的公共支出。

5. There is a substantial payback in terms of employee and union relations.

雇员和工会关系大有改观。