记忆方法
1、spend 是 expend（花掉、耗尽）缩掉开头的结果，两家都来自拉丁 pendere"称量"：古时候付钱要称银子的重量。pound（英镑、称磅）、pendulum（钟摆）同属这一"称量"族。
2、变化记牢：spend → spent → spent，过去式和过去分词同形，spent 还能当形容词"耗尽的"。
3、考试最爱的"花费"四角：spend 主语必须是人（人花钱、人花时间，spend...on sth / in doing sth）；cost 主语是物；pay 花钱（pay for）；take 花时间（一件事作主语）。
2、变化记牢：spend → spent → spent，过去式和过去分词同形，spent 还能当形容词"耗尽的"。
3、考试最爱的"花费"四角：spend 主语必须是人（人花钱、人花时间，spend...on sth / in doing sth）；cost 主语是物；pay 花钱（pay for）；take 花时间（一件事作主语）。
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词族 · spend
中文词源
spend 用，花，花钱，花销，消耗
来自拉丁语 spendere,缩写自 expendere,花销，支付，用，来自 ex-,向外，-pend,称量，支付， 词源同 pound,pendulum,expend.拼写比较 sport,disport,splay,display.引申诸相关词义。
英语词源
- spend
-
spend: [OE] Spend is a blend of verbs from two distinct sources, but both going back ultimately to Latin pendere ‘weigh, pay’. The earlier was Latin expendere ‘pay out’ (later to give English expend [15]), which Old English took over as spendan. (It was also the source of German spenden.) This was later reinforced by dispend, a borrowing from Old French despendre which now survives only in dispense.
=> dispense, expend, pendant, pendulum - spend (v.)
- "to pay out or away" (money or wealth), Old English -spendan (in forspendan "use up"), from Medieval Latin spendere, a shortening of Latin expendere "to weigh out money, pay down" (see expend) or possibly of dispendere "to pay out." A general Germanic borrowing (Old High German spendon, German and Middle Dutch spenden, Old Norse spenna). In reference to labor, thoughts, time, etc., attested from c. 1300. Intransitive sense "exhaust, wear (oneself) out" is from 1590s (see spent).
权威例句
- 1. I can't think of a worse way to spend my time.
- 我想不出更糟的消磨时间的办法。
- 2. Novello says college students will spend $4.2 billion yearly on alcoholic beverages.
- 诺韦洛说大学生每年在酒精饮品上会消费掉42亿美元。
- 3. Businesses need to train their workers better, and spend more on R&D.
- 各企业需要更好地培训工人，并且在研发方面加大投入。
- 4. Slow music encourages supermarket-shoppers to browse longer but spend more.
- 舒缓的音乐会促使超市购物者花更长的时间浏览商品的同时花更多的钱。
- 5. She has yet to spend a Christmas with her husband.
- 她还从没和她的丈夫一起过过圣诞节。
词语辨析
【take, pay, cost, spend】
take: 物做主语,花时间;
pay: 人做主语,花钱,pay for;
cost: 物做主语,花钱
spend: 人做主语,花钱,花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth;
【take, expend, cost, spend】
这组词都有“花费”的意思，其区别是：
take: 普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
expend: 较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。
cost: 指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
spend: 普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。
take: 物做主语,花时间;
pay: 人做主语,花钱,pay for;
cost: 物做主语,花钱
spend: 人做主语,花钱,花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth;
【take, expend, cost, spend】
这组词都有“花费”的意思，其区别是：
take: 普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
expend: 较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。
cost: 指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
spend: 普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。