记忆方法
1、speak 和德语 sprechen（说话）是一家人。它大概出自"撒播、散开"那个老词根，和 spark（火星）、spread（展开）同族——说话就是把话撒出去。
2、"说"的一群分工：speak 重说话这个动作和能力（speak three languages）；say 重说的内容；tell 重告诉某人；talk 重交谈；utter 重发声；state 正式陈述。
3、搭配：speak to/with sb、speak up 大声点、Generally speaking。变化 speak—spoke—spoken。
2、"说"的一群分工：speak 重说话这个动作和能力（speak three languages）；say 重说的内容；tell 重告诉某人；talk 重交谈；utter 重发声；state 正式陈述。
3、搭配：speak to/with sb、speak up 大声点、Generally speaking。变化 speak—spoke—spoken。
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词族 · speak
中文词源
speak 说话，交谈，发言，演说
来自古英语 specan,拼写变体自 sprecan,说话，交谈，来自 Proto-Germanic*sprekana,说话，来 自 PIE*sprek,说话，可能来自 PIE*spreg,播洒，散开，展开，词源同 spark,spread.引申诸相关 词义。
英语词源
- speak
-
speak: [OE] The usual Old English word for ‘speak’ was sprecan, which has close living relatives in German sprechen and Dutch spreken. Specan, the ancestor of modern English speak, did not appear until around the year 1000, but already by the 12th century it had virtually replaced sprecan. It is not known how the r-less form (which has no surviving relatives in other Germanic languages) arose, but it is clearly a secondary development of the r-form.
This seems to be connected with Danish spage ‘crackle’, Lithuanian sprageti ‘crackle’, and Sanskrit sphūrj- ‘crackle, rustle’, suggesting that the English word’s use for ‘utter, say’ arose via an earlier ‘crackle, prattle, babble, chatter’ (English ‘crack on about something’, ‘not what it’s cracked up to be’, and ‘crack a joke’ are remnants of an earlier widespread use of English crack for ‘speak’).
=> speech - speak (v.)
- Old English specan, variant of sprecan "to speak, utter words; make a speech; hold discourse (with others)" (class V strong verb; past tense spræc, past participle sprecen), from Proto-Germanic *sprek-, *spek- (cognates: Old Saxon sprecan, Old Frisian spreka, Middle Dutch spreken, Old High German sprehhan, German sprechen "to speak," Old Norse spraki "rumor, report"), from PIE root *spreg- (1) "to speak," perhaps identical with PIE root *spreg- (2) "to strew," on notion of speech as a "scattering" of words.
The -r- began to drop out in Late West Saxon and was gone by mid-12c., perhaps from influence of Danish spage "crackle," also used in a slang sense of "speak" (compare crack (v.) in slang senses having to do with speech, such as wisecrack, cracker, all it's cracked up to be). Elsewhere, rare variant forms without -r- are found in Middle Dutch (speken), Old High German (spehhan), dialectal German (spächten "speak").
Not the primary word for "to speak" in Old English (the "Beowulf" author prefers maþelian, from mæþel "assembly, council," from root of metan "to meet;" compare Greek agoreuo "to speak, explain," originally "speak in the assembly," from agora "assembly"). - speak (n.)
- c. 1300, "talk, speech," from speak (v.). Survived in Scottish English and dialect, but modern use in compounds probably is entirely traceable to Orwell (see Newspeak).
权威例句
- 1. The Ukrainians speak a Slavonic language similar to Russian.
- 乌克兰人所说的那种斯拉夫语系的语言类似于俄语。
- 2. Sonia might not speak the English language well, but then who did?
- 索尼娅的英语也许说得不好，但谁又说得好呢？
- 3. Pressure appears to be mounting for conformity in how people speak English.
- 要求人们讲规范英语的压力似乎越来越大。
- 4. A substantial proportion of the population speak a French-based patois.
- 人口中有一大部分说以法语为基础的混合语。
- 5. Could I speak to you in private a moment, padre.
- 可否私下跟您谈谈，牧师。
词语辨析
【state, speak, say, tell, utter, talk】
这组词都有“说、讲”的意思，其区别是：
state: 较正式用词，通常指用明确的语言或文字着重地叙述事实，既强调内容又注重语气。
speak: 侧重于说话动作的本身，着重说话的能力而不在内容，可以是长篇大论的演讲，也可以是三言两语的交谈，甚至指简单的开口发声说话。
say: 最普通常用词，指用语言表达思想，着重所说的内容。
tell: 普通用词，指把某事告诉或讲述给某人听，口语或书面语均可用。
utter: 着重说话的行为，常指声音的使用，突出用噪子发声。
talk: 普通用词，侧重指与人交谈时的连续说话，可指单方面较长谈话，和speak一样，着重说活动作而不侧重内容。
这组词都有“说、讲”的意思，其区别是：
state: 较正式用词，通常指用明确的语言或文字着重地叙述事实，既强调内容又注重语气。
speak: 侧重于说话动作的本身，着重说话的能力而不在内容，可以是长篇大论的演讲，也可以是三言两语的交谈，甚至指简单的开口发声说话。
say: 最普通常用词，指用语言表达思想，着重所说的内容。
tell: 普通用词，指把某事告诉或讲述给某人听，口语或书面语均可用。
utter: 着重说话的行为，常指声音的使用，突出用噪子发声。
talk: 普通用词，侧重指与人交谈时的连续说话，可指单方面较长谈话，和speak一样，着重说活动作而不侧重内容。