sad

sad 色哀的(面色悲哀的)

sad 伤心的，难过的

来自古英语 saed,得到满足的，厌倦的，来自 Proto-Germanic*sadaz,使满意，使满足，来自 PIE*sa,使满意，使满足，词源同 sate,satisfy.引申词义厌烦的，伤心的，悲伤的。词义演变比 较 nice,原义为笨的，傻的，后引申词义好的。

sad

sad: [OE] Originally, to feel sad was to feel that one had had ‘enough’. For the word comes ultimately from the same Indo-European base that produced English satisfy and saturate. By the time it reached English (via a prehistoric Germanic *sathaz) ‘enough’ had already become extended to ‘weary’, and the modern sense ‘unhappy’ emerged in the 14th century.

The original notion of ‘sufficiency’ has now died out in the case of sad, but it survives in the case of sated [17], an alteration (probably under the influence of satiate) of the past participle of an earlier verb sade ‘satiate’, which was derived from sad.
=> sated, satiate, satisfy, saturate

sad (adj.)

Old English sæd "sated, full, having had one's fill (of food, drink, fighting, etc.), weary of," from Proto-Germanic *sathaz (cognates: Old Norse saðr, Middle Dutch sat, Dutch zad, Old High German sat, German satt, Gothic saþs "satiated, sated, full"), from PIE *seto- (cognates: Latin satis "enough, sufficient," Greek hadros "thick, bulky," Old Church Slavonic sytu, Lithuanian sotus "satiated," Old Irish saith "satiety," sathach "sated"), from root *sa- "to satisfy" (cognates: Sanskrit a-sinvan "insatiable").

Sense development passed through the meaning "heavy, ponderous" (i.e. "full" mentally or physically), and "weary, tired of" before emerging c. 1300 as "unhappy." An alternative course would be through the common Middle English sense of "steadfast, firmly established, fixed" (as in sad-ware "tough pewter vessels") and "serious" to "grave." In the main modern sense, it replaced Old English unrot, negative of rot "cheerful, glad."

Meaning "very bad" is from 1690s. Slang sense of "inferior, pathetic" is from 1899; sad sack is 1920s, popularized by World War II armed forces (specifically by cartoon character invented by Sgt. George Baker, 1942, and published in U.S. Armed Forces magazine "Yank"), probably a euphemistic shortening of common military slang phrase sad sack of shit.

1. This condition is called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD for short.

这种病情叫做季节性情感失调症，或简称SAD。

2. Guy Powell, defending, told magistrates: "It's a sad and disturbing case."

盖伊·鲍威尔在进行辩护时对地方法官说道：“这是一件非常不幸、令人不安的案子。”

3. I'm sad about my toys getting burned in the fire.

我的玩具在这场火中付之一炬，这令我很难过。

4. He died five or six years ago I'm sad to say.

很遗憾，他在五六年前去世了。

5. How can anyone look sad at an occasion like this?

在这样的场合怎么会有人显得忧伤呢？

【melancholy, unhappy, blue, sad, sorrowful, gloomy】
这组词都有“忧伤的，悲哀的，伤感的”的意思，其区别是：
melancholy: 指经常性的忧郁或悲哀，多用于文学描写中。
unhappy: 多指日常生活中遇到不如意的事而感到不愉快、不幸，侧重指心理状态。
blue: 非正式用词，语气较随便，指较强烈的忧郁或沮丧。
sad: 最常用词，泛指一切形式的悲伤，着重暂时的不幸或感觉的忧伤。
sorrowful: 多指因丧失亲人等原因所引起的悲哀，也指由于错误而产生的悔恨交加的心情。
gloomy: 指愁眉苦脸，令他人也感到扫兴。