记忆方法
1、rail 一字多义：横杆/栏杆（n.）、铁轨（n.）、rail against 抱怨骂人（v.）。核心画面是"一根直棍"。
2、拉丁 regula"直杆"（同 rule 规则、regular 规则的）——把直棍铺成行就是铁轨，划出规矩就是 rule。rail against 抱怨、痛骂，是从"驴叫、怒斥"这层引申来的另一支。
3、单音节 /reɪl/，ai 发 /eɪ/ 双元音，和 rain、sail 里 ai 的读音完全相同（字母组合一致，读音一致）。别错读成 /ræl/。拼写 r-a-i-l 四个字母。
2、拉丁 regula"直杆"（同 rule 规则、regular 规则的）——把直棍铺成行就是铁轨，划出规矩就是 rule。rail against 抱怨、痛骂，是从"驴叫、怒斥"这层引申来的另一支。
3、单音节 /reɪl/，ai 发 /eɪ/ 双元音，和 rain、sail 里 ai 的读音完全相同（字母组合一致，读音一致）。别错读成 /ræl/。拼写 r-a-i-l 四个字母。
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词族 · rail
中文词源
rail 栏杆，横竿，铁轨
来自古法语 reille,柱子，竿，杆，来自拉丁语 regula,直杆，小杆，-ula,小词后缀，来自 regere, 拉直，伸直，词源同 regulate,right.引申词义铁轨。拼写比较 rule,regulate.
英语词源
- rail
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rail: English has three words rail. The oldest, ‘rod, bar’ [13], comes via Old French reille ‘iron bar’ from Latin rēgula ‘straight stick, rod’, source of English regular and rule. The bird-name rail [15] goes back via Old Northern French raille to Vulgar Latin *rascula, which probably originated in imitation of the bird’s hoarse cry.
And rail ‘complain, be abusive’ [15] comes via Old French railler ‘mock’ and Provençal ralhar ‘scoff’ from Vulgar Latin *ragulāre ‘bray’, an alteration of ragere ‘neigh, roar’. This in turn was a blend of Latin rugīre ‘bellow’ and Vulgar Latin *bragere ‘bray’ (source of English bray [13]). Raillery [17] and rally ‘tease’ [17] come from the same source.
=> regular, rule; bray, rally - rail (n.1)
- "horizontal bar passing from one post or support to another," c. 1300, from Old French reille "bolt, bar," from Vulgar Latin *regla, from Latin regula "straight stick," diminutive form related to regere "to straighten, guide" (see regal). Used figuratively for thinness from 1872. To be off the rails in a figurative sense is from 1848, an image from the railroads. In U.S. use, "A piece of timber, cleft, hewed, or sawed, inserted in upright posts for fencing" [Webster, 1830].
- rail (n.2)
- "small wading bird," mid-15c., from Old French raale (13c.), related to râler "to rattle," of unknown origin, perhaps imitative of its cry.
- rail (v.1)
- "complain," mid-15c., from Middle French railler "to tease or joke" (15c.), perhaps from Old Provençal ralhar "scoff, to chat, to joke," from Vulgar Latin *ragulare "to bray" (source also of Italian ragghiare "to bray"), from Late Latin ragere "to roar," probably of imitative origin. See rally (v.2). Related: Railed; railing.
- rail (v.2)
- "fence in with rails," late 14c., from rail (n.1). Related: Railed; railing.
权威例句
- 1. The government is spending billions of dollars on new urban rail projects.
- 政府正把数十亿元花在新城市铁路项目上。
- 2. The rail strike is causing major disruptions at the country's ports.
- 铁路罢工使该国港口陷入了一片混乱。
- 3. The sudden onset of winter caused havoc with rail and air transport.
- 冬天的突然降临让铁路和航空运输系统陷入混乱。
- 4. The president traveled by rail to his home town.
- 总统坐火车回到了他的家乡。
- 5. The gloom deepened after a thumping £45m loss at British Rail.
- 英国铁路公司遭受了4,500万英镑的巨额损失后境况更加惨淡。