记忆方法
1. 谐音“害人(儿)的”------危害人的。
2. hap => haz- "chance, luck" + -ard => hazard.
3. "chances in gambling," then "chances in life" => "chance of loss or harm, risk".
2. hap => haz- "chance, luck" + -ard => hazard.
3. "chances in gambling," then "chances in life" => "chance of loss or harm, risk".
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词族 · hazard
中文词源
hazard 危险，危害
来自古法语hasard,来自西班牙语azar,骰子，掷骰子赌博，来自阿拉伯语zahr,骰子，拼写受后缀-ard影响俗化。由赌博引申词义危险，危害。参照dicey.
英语词源
- hazard
-
hazard: [13] The word hazard was introduced to English as the name for a game played with dice. It was borrowed from Old French hasard, which came via Spanish azar from Arabic azzahr, earlier al-zahr ‘luck, chance’. Its associations were thus from the first with ‘uncertainty’, and its central modern sense ‘danger’ did not develop until the 16th century.
- hazard (n.)
- c. 1300, name of a game at dice, from Old French hasard, hasart "game of chance played with dice," also "a throw of six in dice" (12c.), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Spanish azar "an unfortunate card or throw at dice," which is said to be from Arabic az-zahr (for al-zahr) "the die." But this is doubtful because of the absence of zahr in classical Arabic dictionaries. Klein suggests Arabic yasara "he played at dice;" Arabic -s- regularly becomes Spanish -z-. The -d was added in French through confusion with the native suffix -ard. Sense evolved in French to "chances in gambling," then "chances in life." In English, sense of "chance of loss or harm, risk" first recorded 1540s.
- hazard (v.)
- "put something at stake in a game of chance," 1520s, from Middle French hasarder "to play at gambling, throw dice" (15c.), from hasard (see hazard (n.)). Related: Hazarded; hazarding.
权威例句
- 1. Catching colds is unfortunately an occupational hazard in this profession.
- 不幸的是，容易感冒是这个行业的职业性风险。
- 2. Well, we can hazard a guess at the answer.
- 噢，我们可以猜一猜答案。
- 3. Poverty leads to slums, which are an eyesore and a health hazard.
- 贫困产生了贫民窟，那里不仅有碍观瞻，而且卫生隐患严重。
- 4. He climbed into the car at the hazard of his life.
- 他冒着生命危险进了汽车.
- 5. I think we have provided for every possible hazard.
- 我认为我们已经准备好了应付每一种可能的危险.
词语辨析
【risk, hazard, venture, chance, dare】
这组词都有“敢于冒险”的意思，其区别是：
risk: 指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。
hazard: 主要指冒险作出某个选择，隐含碰运气意味。
venture: 指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。
chance: 指碰运气、冒风险试试。
dare: 可与venture换用，但语气较强，着重挑战或违抗。
【risk, danger, threat, menace, hazard, peril】
这组词都有“危险、威胁”的意思，其区别是：
risk: 指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。
danger: 含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。
threat: 普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。
menace: 所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。
hazard: 比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。
peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。
这组词都有“敢于冒险”的意思，其区别是：
risk: 指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。
hazard: 主要指冒险作出某个选择，隐含碰运气意味。
venture: 指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。
chance: 指碰运气、冒风险试试。
dare: 可与venture换用，但语气较强，着重挑战或违抗。
【risk, danger, threat, menace, hazard, peril】
这组词都有“危险、威胁”的意思，其区别是：
risk: 指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。
danger: 含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。
threat: 普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。
menace: 所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。
hazard: 比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。
peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。