else

来自PIE*al, 其它，词源同alias, alien.

else

else: [OE] Else shares its sense of ‘otherness’ with related words in other parts of the Indo- European language family. It comes ultimately from the base *al-, which also produced Latin alter ‘other’ (source of English alter) and alius ‘other’ (source of English alibi and alien) and Greek állos ‘other’ (source of the prefix allo- in such English words as allopathy, allophone, and allotropy). Its Germanic descendant was *aljo- ‘other’, whose genitive neuter case *aljaz, used adverbially, eventually became English else.
=> alibi, alien, alter

else (adv.)

Old English elles "in another manner, other, otherwise, besides, different," from Proto-Germanic *aljaz (cognates: Gothic aljis "other," Old High German eli-lenti, Old English el-lende, both meaning "in a foreign land;" see also Alsace), an adverbial genitive of the neuter of PIE root *al- (1) "beyond" (cognates: Greek allos "other," Latin alius; see alias (adv.)). As a quasi-adjective, synonymous with other, from 1660s; the nuances of usage are often arbitrary.

Productive of a number of handy compounds that somehow never got traction or have been suffered to fall from use: elsehow (1660s) "somehow or other;" elsewards (adv.), 1882, "somewhere else;" Old English elsewhat (pron.) " something else, anything else;" elsewhen (adv.), early 15c., "at another time; elsewhence (c. 1600); elsewho (1540s). Among the survivors are elsewhere, elsewise. Menacing or else, with omitted but implied threat, is from 1833.

1. I denied my father because I wanted to become someone else.

我和父亲断绝了关系，因为我想成为一个不一样的自己。

2. So, if we could just move onto something else?

那么我们可不可以干脆谈点别的？

3. She has done more to divide the Conservatives than anyone else.

她在分裂保守党这件事上所起的作用比任何人都大。

4. There was no one else to take care of their children.

没有别人可以照料他们的孩子。

5. These rootless young people have nowhere else to go.

这些漂泊不定的年轻人没有其他地方可去。