dare

1、dare 像个残余的情态动词：在日耳曼诸语里如今基本只剩英语还在用，过去式 durst 也快退出日常。实用记两点：I dare say 我敢说、dare sb to do 激某人做某事(名词 a dare 就是那个"敢不敢"的挑战)。
2、义项就两格：敢(dare to go)和 激将(我敢说你不敢)。dare 后可省 to：He dared (to) answer。
3、别和 dear(亲爱的)、dark 拼混：dare 读 /deər/，与 air、there 同韵。它的老根写作"勇敢"，并列了 endure、firm 为同根，只认这条即可。

dare 敢于

来自PIE*dhers, 勇敢的，有勇气的，词源同endure, firm.

dare

dare: [OE] Dare used to be a widespread Germanic verb, with relatives in Old High German (giturran) and Gothic (gadaursan), but today it survives only in English (the similarlooking Danish turde and Swedish töras are probably not related). It comes via Germanic *ders- from an Indo-European *dhers-, which also produced Greek thrasús ‘bold’ and Old Slavic druzate ‘be bold’.

In Old English it was a conjugationally complex verb, with anomalous present and past forms, but most of its oddities have now been ironed out: the past form durst is now on its last legs, and only the 3rd present singular form remains unusual, especially in negative contexts and questions: she daren’t rather than she dares not.

dare (v.)

from first and third person singular of Old English durran "to brave danger, dare; venture, presume," from Proto-Germanic *ders- (cognates: Old Norse dearr, Old High German giturran, Gothic gadaursan), from PIE *dhers- "to dare, be courageous" (cognates: Sanskrit dadharsha "to be bold;" Old Persian darš- "to dare;" Greek thrasys "bold;" Old Church Slavonic druzate "to be bold, dare;" Lithuanian dristi "to dare," drasus "courageous").

An Old English irregular preterite-present verb: darr, dearst, dear were first, second and third person singular present indicative; mostly regularized 16c., though past tense dorste survived as durst, but is now dying, persisting mainly in northern English dialect. Meaning "to challenge or defy (someone)" is first recorded 1570s.

dare (n.)

1590s, from dare (v.).

1. People always think I'm a fool, and I dare say they're right.

人们总认为我是个傻瓜，想必他们是对的。

2. Don't speak to me like that. Don't you dare.

不要那样跟我讲话。我不允许！

3. When found, the children said they'd run away for a dare.

找到这些孩子时，他们说自己是受了激将才出走的。

4. I dare you to sit through forty-five minutes with someone like Vincent!

我想你绝不敢和文森特这样的人一起坐上45分钟！

5. I dare say he did as he was bidden.

我敢说他按照要求做了。

【risk, hazard, venture, chance, dare】
这组词都有“敢于冒险”的意思，其区别是：
risk: 指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。
hazard: 主要指冒险作出某个选择，隐含碰运气意味。
venture: 指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。
chance: 指碰运气、冒风险试试。
dare: 可与venture换用，但语气较强，着重挑战或违抗。