arch

同arc, 弧。

arch

arch: [14] English acquired arch via Old French arche and a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *arca from Latin arcus ‘curve, arch, bow’ (from which English also got arc [14]). When it first came into the language it was still used in the general sense of ‘curve, arc’ as well as ‘curved structure’ (Chaucer in his Treatise on the astrolabe 1391 wrote of ‘the arch of the day … from the sun arising till it go to rest’), but this had died out by the mid 19th century.

Vulgar Latin *arca also produced Italian arcata, which entered English via French as arcade in the 18th century. Arch meaning ‘saucy’ is an adjectival use of the prefix arch- (as in archetype).
=> arc

arch (n.)

c. 1300, from Old French arche "arch of a bridge" (12c.), from Latin arcus "a bow" (see arc). Replaced native bow (n.1). Originally architectural in English; transferred by early 15c. to anything having this form (eyebrows, etc.).

arch (adj.)

1540s, "chief, principal," from prefix arch-; used in 12c. archangel, etc., but extended to so many derogatory uses (arch-rogue, arch-knave, etc.) that by mid-17c. it acquired a meaning of "roguish, mischievous," since softened to "saucy." Also found in archwife (late 14c.), variously defined as "a wife of a superior order" or "a dominating woman, virago."

arch (v.)

early 14c., "to form an arch" (implied in arched); c. 1400, "to furnish with an arch," from arch (n.). Related: Arching.

1. Neither he nor his arch-rival, Giuseppe De Rita, won.

他和他的死对头朱塞佩·德里察双双落败。

2. Traders in Marble Arch are facing huge rent increases.

大理石拱门的经销商们面临租金的大幅上涨。

3. They walked through the arch and into the cobbled courtyard.

他们穿过拱门走进铺着鹅卵石的院子。

4. He went under a brick arch.

他穿过一个砖砌的拱门。

5. The triumphal arch commemorates Caesar's victory over Pompey.

凯旋门用于纪念恺撒击败庞培，得胜而归。