surname

sur-,在上，name,名字。用于指姓氏。

surname (n.)

c. 1300, "name, title, or epithet added to a person's name," from sur "above" (from Latin super-; see sur- (1)) + name (n.); modeled on Anglo-French surnoun "surname" (early 14c.), variant of Old French sornom, from sur "over" + nom "name." As "family name" from late 14c.

An Old English word for this was freonama, literally "free name." Meaning "family name" is first found late 14c. Hereditary surnames existed among Norman nobility in England in early 12c., among the common people they began to be used 13c., increasingly frequent until near universal by end of 14c. The process was later in the north of England than the south. The verb is attested from 1510s. Related: Surnamed.

1. The majority of British women adopt their husband's surname when they marry.

大多数英国女性结婚后随夫姓。

2. Her first name was Mary. I don't know what her surname was.

她的名字叫玛丽。我不知道她姓什么。

3. Winter is a common enough German surname.

温特是一个非常普通的德国姓氏。

4. Nosenko puzzled out Kutya's surname.

诺先科苦苦思索终于想起了库佳的姓。

5. She'd never known his surname.

她一直不知道他姓什么。